 According to the Kyoto Protocol, ratified by over 180 countries worldwide, industrialised countries, between 2008 and 2012, are expected to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, in accordance with defined objectives, below the 1990 levels.
As concerns developing countries, on the other hand, the Protocol tends to encourage economic growth based on energy efficiency and preservation of resources.
For this dual purpose, the Kyoto Protocol establishes the following instruments, known as "flexible mechanisms":
- Emission Trading (ET)
- Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
- Joint Implementation (JI)
ET, CDM and JI all foresee third party verification to validate the containment/reduction results of the GHG emissions obtained. A fundamental difference between the flexible mechanisms proposed is that Emission Trading in Europe is implemented by companies which are compelled by law to comply with the emission allowances assigned while adherence to a CDM or JI project is generally voluntary.
To implement a credible monitoring and reporting system of GHG emissions, it is necessary to have a good knowledge of the operating context, identifying the main criticalities and possible margins for improvement.
On the basis of the experience gained in highly qualified services, RINA can act as certification partner able to verify and certify GHG emissions and related reduction projects, offering companies a consolidated tradition of certification, over sectorial competency, an extensive network, international visibility, as objective means of added value.
Thanks to the experience already acquired since 1998 as regards Global Warning Potential (greenhouse gas effect) and competent, expert personnel, RINA has at its disposal several schemes and services for independent verification of GHG monitoring and reporting systems and emission reduction projects, in accordance with European directives, international protocols and the ISO 14064 standards, depending on whether implementation of the GHG reduction instruments is mandatory or voluntary.
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